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Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) - Plott Hound Type
| Acronym: | MPSI |
| Gene: | IDUA |
| Mutation: | c.155+1G>A |
| Inheritance: | Autosomal Recessive |
| Sample type: | CHS (Cheek Swab), WBE (Whole Blood EDTA) |
| Method: |
Genetics and characteristics
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a genetic lysosomal storage disease affecting humans and various animals including dogs. There are up to 12 individual MPS types described, but the most significant variants in dogs have been identified in the genes associated with MPS I, IIIA, VI, and VII. The type of mucopolysaccharidosis found in Plott Hound dogs is a consequence of a mutation in the IDUA gene encoding enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase. Iduronidase is responsible for breaking down glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), an important component of tissues throughout the body. Their accumulation in cells is causing abnormal growth and dysfunction of many different organ systems. Affected dogs often show progressive neurological, ocular and musculoskeletal defects and loss of cognitive function.
This lysosomal storage disorder in Plott Hound dogs is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait meaning two copies of the mutated gene are required for the disease to develop. Dogs with only one copy of the mutated IDUA gene will not develop the disease but may act as carriers and pass the mutation to their offspring. The disease is often detected at two years of age with slowly progressive ataxia often leading to euthanasia before six years of age. Early detection by genetic testing can identify carriers and help breeders in selecting future mating pairs.
Results Reported As
Test Result |
Interpretation of test result |
CLEAR |
Tested mutation was not detected in animal with „clear“ result. Animal tested as clear has wild-type allele in homozygous state (i.e. two pairs of healthy alleles). It will not develop disease caused by tested mutation.* It will pass only wild-type allele to its offspring. |
CARRIER |
Tested mutation was detected in animal with „carrier“ result. Animal tested as carrier has one wild-type and one mutation allele, it is in heterozygous state. It will not develop disease caused by tested mutation.* It can pass wild-type or mutation allele to its offspring. |
AFFECTED |
Tested mutation was detected in animal with „affected“ result. Animal tested as affected has two copies of mutation alleles affecting the gene. It is likely the animal will experience a genetic disorder due to this mutation.** It will pass only mutation allele to its offspring. |
*Test excludes only tested mutation but not possible unknown mutations or factors that can lead to similar condition/symptoms.
** Potential unknown mutations or multiple other factors can possibly affect the likelihood of experiencing a genetic disorder.
References:
Menon, K. P., Tieu, P. T., Neufeld, E. F. (1992). Architecture of the canine IDUA gene and mutation underlying canine mucopolysaccharidosis I. Genomics, 14(3), 763–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0888-7543(05)80182-x
Provenzale, J. M., Nestrasil, I., Chen, S., Kan, S. H., Le, S. Q., Jens, J. K., Snella, E. M., Vondrak, K. N., Yee, J. K., Vite, C. H., Elashoff, D., Duan, L., Wang, R. Y., Ellinwood, N. M., Guzman, M. A., Shapiro, E. G., Dickson, P. I. (2015). Diffusion tensor imaging and myelin composition analysis reveal abnormal myelination in corpus callosum of canine mucopolysaccharidosis I. Experimental neurology, 273, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.07.021
Kim M. Newkirk, Rosalie M. Atkins, Patti I. Dickson, Barton W. Rohrbach, Michael F. McEntee. (2011). Ocular Lesions in Canine Mucopolysaccharidosis I and Response to Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Invest. Ophthalmol. 52(8), 5130-5135. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6751.