Anaplasma phagocytophilum

38.90 € inc. Vat

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Product Description

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Sample: 0,5 ml EDTA-blood, Tick

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative bacterium (rickettsia), a causative agent of granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans and fever in horses and other ruminants. Dogs, horses and sheep symptoms are similar to those in humans, making them an important model in studying the disease.

Modes of transmission

Different mammals serve as a reservoir, and vectors of the bacterium are ticks belonging to a complex of Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus.

Clinical signs

The signs of the disease show in 5-21 days after the tick bite. Symptoms are non-specific, such as fever, headache, malaise and myalgia. Laboratory report show leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocitopenia and higher activities of hepatic enzymes.

Therapy

Granulocytic anaplasmosis is treated with antibiotics.

Prevention

During outdoor activities, especially in the summer, you should use repellents and appropriate clothing.

Prognosis

Symptoms usually last for 30 days. In case of complications and more severe form of the disease, half of the patients requires hospitalization. Fatal outcome is reported in less than 1% of the cases, mostly due to secondary infections.

Prevalence

The prevalence of the infection ranges from 2-45% in Europe, with most of the cases reported from June to August.

References

Pusterla, N., Huder, J.B., Leutenegger, C.M., Braun, U., Madigan, J.E., and Lutz, H. (1999). Quantitative real-time PCR for detection of members of the Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup in host animals and Ixodes ricinus ticks. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, 1329–1331.

Severo, M.S., Stephens, K.D., Kotsyfakis, M., and Pedra, J.H. (2012). Anaplasma phagocytophilum: deceptively simple or simply deceptive? Future Microbiol 7, 719–731.

Thomas, R.J., Stephen Dumler, J., and Carlyon, J.A. (2009). Current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 7, 709–722.